Scripting
In a script, the collaboration is organized, since it describes which roles each team member should fulfill. This supports the collaboration.
A script can be completed in several ways. Three options are discussed below.
Structured argumentation
This script describes a roadmap which can be used to discuss a case/problem in group according to the following 4 stages:
1st stage: Review of the problem and position-taking (pro or contra).
2nd stage: Collecting arguments individually, facts that can support the position.
3rd stage: Exchanging the arguments of the pro-teams and contra-teams.
4th stage: Achieving a group synthesis.
Reference :
Johnson, D.W., & Johnson, R.T. (1999). Learning together and alone: Cooperative, competitive, and individualistic learning (5th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon
Role playing
The script assigns several roles to the team members. The diversity makes it possible to stimulate rich interactions.
- The moderator role. Actively following the discussion, asking critical questions when the discussion seems to halt and stimulate the members to participate.
- The theoretician role. Pointing out several aspects of the discussion that are momentarily not being discussed/considered in the discussion.
- The resource researcher role. Selecting extra resources (in addition to the course and the lesson) adding extra information, clarification or examples to the discussion.
- The summarizers’ role. Interim summarizing of the different contributions, giving an overview of the similarities and differences. Formulating a couple of preliminary conclusions.
The De Bono Thinking Hats
Creative thinking in group can be stimulated by the De Bono hats method. The hats are being appointed to students. The hat determines the point of view in the collaboration, which stimulates students to investigate a given problem or task from diverse points of view and to discuss it accordingly.
The red hat: emotional thinking. This hat stands for emotions, spontaneity, feeling and intuition. Reactions based on feelings.
The white hat: objective-analytical thinking. This hat stands for facts, figures and information. You start from objective information.
The black hat: negative-critical thinking. This hat stands for a pessimistic view with an emphasis on the possible risks. You are the ‘devil’s advocate’.
The yellow hat: positive thinking. This hat stands for positive and constructive thinking. You are looking for advantages.
The green hat: creative thinking. This hat stands for creativity, growth, energy and life. You contribute alternatives and new ideas.
The blue hat: contemplative-controlling thinking. This hat stands for distance and controlling thinking. You observe the process, you evaluate what has been achieved and think of the following step.
More information:
http://www.creatiefdenken.com/denkhoeden.php
http://www.gertjanschop.com/modellen/denkhoeden_de_bono.html
